Information Systems history: What is history? What is IS history? What IS history? … and why even bother with history? History, said Stephen, is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake. James Joyce, Ulysses. One of the perplexities of the Olympics in London in 2. Team Great Britain (GB)’: Why was it not ‘Team UK’? Or for that matter, how come that in football (‘soccer’ to our US readership!) there are separate teams for England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland? Without going in to too much detail, the UK refers to the union of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Island, the full title is ‘The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island’. GB’ refers to the first three components of the UK, since athletes from Northern Island had the option of competing for Eire (Republic of Ireland) ‘Team GB’ was preferred to ‘Team UK’. When people say England, they sometimes mean Great Britain, sometimes the United Kingdom, sometimes the British Isles but never England’. How to be an Alien’ by. George Mikes. 4Consequently, historians must be careful and consistent in their use of terminology if writing about the history of this part of the world. Winston Churchill found a very useful – although more far- reaching – resolution to the problem in the title of his four- volume work: The History of the English- Speaking Peoples. In writing about IS, a similar set of terminological conundrums need to be confronted, perhaps in the form of a question such as. A Study of History is a 12-volume universal history by the British historian Arnold J. Toynbee, published in 1934–61. It received enormous popular attention but. 1. A Study of History. By Arnold J. Toynbee | Used Price: 80% Off. Arnold Toynbee's A Study of History is his magnum opus. In it he analyses the rise and fall of all. History is the study of the human past as it is described in the written documents left by human beings. The past, with all its decisions completed, its participants.
What is the correct term for the study of the use and application of information and communication technologies?’ – Is it (a) Information Systems; (b) Information Management; (c) Information Technology; or (d) Informatics? Bryant, 2. 00. 6)Among the four editors of this special issue, we can count the first UK Professor of IS, one Professor of Informatics, one Professor in a School of Library and Information Science, and one Professor in a Department of Decision and Information Sciences. Moreover, other terms and abbreviations also add to this morass – for example, IT, ICT, Management Information Systems (MIS). Even the abbreviation IS itself is ambiguous; apart from IS, the term could also be taken to refer to Information Studies or Information Science. The term ‘fragmented adhocracy’, first applied to management studies in the 1. IS, but anyone offering an overview of IS history needs to give readers some idea of the central subject of such accounts. IS historians cannot simply assume that there is any robust consensus on even this most fundamental issue, and care needs to be taken when using terms such as IS, IT, ICT, and the like – some writers often use these terms as near synonyms, others seek to make clear distinctions between them. The papers that follow comprise various responses to this proto- disciplinary morass. We do not seek to offer a resolution to this, that is not the primary purpose of this paper or this issue of the journal, and in any case we would argue that seeking to articulate some definitive account is unwarranted and at best nugatory. We can, however, stress the importance of encouraging a wide variety of different approaches to the topic of IS history, and point to the work that has been done, such as by Hirschheim and Klein (2. Mason. Porra et al. IS literature is that of Mann and Williams (1. This did not lead to further specifically historical accounts since in these early days the preferred format within Academic IS appears to have been case studies usually centring on ground- breaking and innovative IS implementation and use. Pettigrew (1. 97. Markus (1. 98. 3) offers a case study where historical events are analysed through three theoretical lenses. Yet neither discussed the specifically historical methods used in producing these narratives. Mc. Farlan (1. 98. The Information Systems Research Challenge held at Harvard University. This concern later led to the establishment of the Harvard MIS History Project, which ultimately produced the historical studies Airline Reservation Systems: Lessons from History (Copeland and Mc. Kenney, 1. 98. 8), and Bank of America: The Crest and Trough of Technological Leadership (Mc. Kenney et al., 1. Neither study gives any space to present an account of the methods used, although Mason's paper of 1. Apart from these historical accounts of corporate IT systems, there have been a number of histories of computer development. Some have centred on specific machines, including LEO – the world's first commercial computer (Caminer et al., 1. Beniger. Kidder's (1. DG Eclipse offers a different form of account that would now be read in historical terms. There are historical analyses on the development of the MIS field, such as that by Dickson (1. Friedman and Cornford (1. Porra and colleagues have sought to take up the earlier work of Mason et al. Mc. Kenney et al. MIS Quarterly (Porra et al., 2. Information and Organization (Porra et al., 2. History continues to be made, both in the sense of historians writing history and in the sense of unfolding events. In the IS sphere, history in the first sense is in its infancy, but in the latter sense it is happening at an incredible pace. The IS community, academic, and practitioner owes it to posterity to record as much of that history as possible. In this way, there will be not a record of the ‘unvarnished truth’, but rather a rich source of material for researchers of the future; also a basis for educating and enlightening newcomers to the IS community and beyond. Some progress in that direction is being made with, for example, the numerous case studies emerging from IS research. But these primarily focus on the corporate world, helping to engender an understanding of IS success or failure – for example, Clemons and Row (1. Mitev (1. 99. 6) on failure, and Porra et al. A few others have ‘written- up’ studies of old applications, partly to show what lessons can be learned from them, but also partly to put on record the achievements of the IS pioneers (Land, 2. Many more studies of old IS are needed while those involved remain to offer their memories. One way is by the collection of Oral Histories, and the IFIP Working Group 9. Computer History, has recently sponsored a book edited by its chairman Tatnal (2. A chapter entitled ‘Remembering LEO’ sets out some of the ways the IS community can record both old and contemporary history (Land, 2. If we regard history as a valuable resource for the study and understanding of IS then as a community we must be much more systematic in ensuring that the student of the future has the available historical resource we can create. None of the papers selected for this special issue and the subsequent one tries to tackle the whole subject of IS history, although those that appear in the following pages do seek to outline some core features of the field in the process of taking a particular historical focus. Campbell- Kelly and Garcia- Swartz put forward an argument about the development of the internet that counters many specific aspects of existing accounts, and they point to the ways in which these narratives are in many senses examples of a Whig interpretation of ICT history. Jacobs complements this with his account of a technology and associated standards that are now seen as a failure, and consequently ignored or downgraded, but from which it is important that lessons are learned. Heinrich and Riedl offer an insight into the ways in which concerns around ICT developed in the German- speaking context in ways that are markedly different from those found particularly in the UK and the United States, while Gannon's paper is explicitly addressed to several audiences, both within and without the IS academic and IS practitioner communities. It offers an historical account of the early days of the introduction of ICT and IS into large corporations, using a range of perspectives that encompass interpretive approaches, first- hand accounts, and what might be seen as the start of an ethnography of IS practice. Finally, Bernroider and colleagues provide a framing of the papers published in the AIS basket of journals from the mid- 1. There are also key differences between the ways in which some of the terms are understood or claimed in different parts of the world. Information Science is seen by some as focused on provision of information, particularly within the public domain, with IS then seen as having primarily a commercial focus. The term ‘informatics’ is now hotly contested, and could itself be the subject of an interesting history that traces its use in various languages in the mid- to- late twentieth century, its use by Donna Haraway (1. Thus, in some institutions, ‘informatics’ is zealously guarded by computer science, but extended terms such as ‘social informatics’ or ‘community informatics’ or ‘health informatics’ can be claimed without challenge by other faculties. Today, the IS world encompasses or is closely dependent upon areas and fields such as MIS, IS, IT, Information Science, Design Science, Computer Science, AI, Software Engineering, HCI, Knowledge Management (KM), and recent hybrids focusing on specific topics such as Security, Computer Forensics, and Cyberwarfare. How this state of affairs came about affords a series of challenges for historians to explain the processes that led to these different positions – perhaps centring on the nature of the boundaries and their purported distinctiveness, the role of institutions, government policies, technical developments and so on. As was stated earlier, with regard to Foucault and Bauman, any such efforts must take account of the ways in which a discipline relates to its history.
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African Economic Cooperation Blog. Apa tanggapanmu mengenai negara Afrika Selatan? Apa kamu hanya berfikir bahwa warga disana hanya mereka yang memiliki kulit hitam saja. Perlu untuk kamu ketahui bahwa terdapat kota khusus bagi mereka yang berkulit putih di Afrika. Orania” Ini sebuah kawasan khusus untuk orang kulit putih yang didirikan tahun 1. Contoh Proposal Bantuan Dana Usaha PeternakanContoh Proposal Bantuan Dana Usaha KonveksiKota di wilayah Karoo yang jarang penduduknya itu dihuni hanya oleh para Afrikaner (keturunan bangsa Eropa aliran Calvinis di Afrika Selatan). Keturunan para pendantang berbahasa Belanda yang tiba di Afrika Selatan tahun 1. A. LATAR BELAKANG Masjid adalah tempat ibadah umat islam yang selamanya harus dipelihara dan dijaga kelestariannya baik dari aspek riayah, ‘idarah dan imaroh. Masih banyak lagi » Account Options. Masuk; Setelan penelusuran. 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Para Afrikaner itulah yang menjadi tulang punggung Partai Nasional yang memperkenalkan apartheid. Banyak warga Afrika Selatan menganggap bahwa warga Orania sebagai sisa- sisa bittereinders, sebuah istilah yang digunakan untuk pelaku Perang Boer, yang marah terhadap pemerintahan yang ada sekarang. Nah, bicarain mengenai Afrika Selatan, nggak afdol banget ya jika kita tidak membahas mengenai sejarahnya. Maka dari itu, yuk kita simak dibawah ini. Afrika Selatan merupakan salah satu negara tertua di benua Afrika. Banyak suku telah menjadi penghuninya termasuk suku khoi, Bushmen, Xhosa dan Zulu Penjelajah Belanda yang dikenal sebagai Afrikaner tiba disana pada 1. Pada saat itu Inggris juga berminapemilut dengan negara ini, terutama setelah penemuan cadangan berlian yang melimpah. Hal ini menyebabkan Perang Britania Belanda dan dua Perang Boer. Pada 1. 91. 0, empat republik utama digabung di bawah Kesatuan Afrika Selatan. Pada 1. 93. 1, Afrika Selatan menjadi jajahan Britania sepenuhnya. Walaupun negara ini berada di bawah jajahan Britania, mereka terpaksa berbagi kuasa dengan pihak Afrikaner. Pembagian kuasa ini telah berlanjut hingga tahun 1. Afrikaner yaitu Partai Nasional (NP) memperoleh mayoritas di Parlemen. Menciptakan dasar apartheid (yang disahkan pada tahun 1. Pada tahun 1. 96. Afrika Selatan dideklarasikan sebagai sebuah republik. Bermula pada 1. 96. Grand Apartheid’ (apartheid besar) dilaksanakan, politik ini menekankan pengasingan wilayah dan kezaliman pihak polisi. Penindasan kaum kulit hitam terus berlanjut sehingga akhir abad ke- 2. Pada Februari 1. 99. Kongres Naional. A frika (ANC). Pemerintahan Partai Nasional di bawah pimpinan Presiden F. W. de Klerk menarik balik larangan terhadap Kongres Nasional Afrika dan partai- partai politik berhaluan kiri yang lain dan membebaskan Nelson Mandela dari penjara. Undang- undang apartheid mulai dihapus secara perlahan- lahan dan tanpa diskriminasi yang pertama diadakan pada tahun 1. Partai ANC meraih kemenangan yang besar dan Nelson Mandela, dilantik sebagai Presiden kulit hitam yang pertama di Afrika Selatan. Walaupun kekuasaan sudah berada di tangan kaum kulit hitam, berjuta- juta penduduknya masih hidup dalam kemiskinan. Sewaktu Nelson Mandela menjadi presiden negara ini selama 5 tahun, pemerintahannya telah berjanji untuk melaksanakan perubahan terutamanya dalam isu- isu yang telah diabaikan semasa era apartheid. Beberapa isu- isu yang ditangani oleh pemerintahan pimpinan ANC adalah seperti pengangguran, wabah AIDS, kekurangan perumahan dan pangan. Pemerintahan Mandela juga mula memperkenalkan kembali Afrika Selatan kepada ekonomi global setelah beberapa tahun diasingkankan karena politik apartheid. Di samping itu, dalam usaha mereka untuk menyatukan rakyat pemerintah juga membuat sebuah komite yang dikenal dengan Truth and Reconciliation Comittee (TRC) dibawah pimpinan Uskup Desmond Tutu. Komite ini berperan untuk memantau badan- badan pemerintah seperti badan polisi agar masyarakat Afrika Selatan dapat hidup dalam aman dan harmonis. Namun apakah afrika menjalankan sistem pemerintahan layaknya negara pada umumnya? Sistem Pemerintahan. Menerapkan sistem politik demokrasi anti- apartheid. Bentuk negara Afrika Selatan adalah kesatuan dan bentuk pemerintahan republik. Sistem pemerintahan di Afrika Selatan adalah presidensial. Parlemen di Afrika Selatan terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu majelis nasional dan dewan nasional provinsi. Setiap Provinsi di Afrika Selatan mempunyai satu penggubal undang- undang negeri dan Majelis Eksekutif yang diketuai oleh seorang Perdana Menteri atau “Premier”. Presiden Afrika Selatan memegang dua jabatan yaitu sebagai Kepala Negara dan juga Kepala Pemerintahan. Ia dipilih sewaktu Majelis Nasional (National Assembly) dan Majelis Provinsi- provinsi Nasional (National Council of Provinces) bergabung. Lazimnya, Presiden adalah pemimpin partai mayoritas di Parlemen. Di Afrika Selatan, pemilu diadakan setiap 5 tahun dan setiap rakyat berusia 1. Pemilu terakhir ialah pada April 2. ANC berhasil memenangkan 6. Partai ini bersama Partai Kebebasan Inkatha (6,9. Partai- partai oposisi utama termasuk Aliasi Demokrat (1. Gerakan Demokratik Bersatu atau UDM (2,2. Demokrat Bebas atau ID (1,7. Partai Nasional Baru atau NNP (1,6. Partai Demokratik Kristen Afrika atau ACDP (1,6%). Parlemen di Afrika Selatan terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu majelis nasional dan dewan nasional provinsi. Majelis Nasional adalah majelis rendah dari Parlemen Afrika Selatan, yang terletak di Cape Town, Western Cape Propinsi. Ini terdiri dari tidak kurang dari 3. Hal ini dipilih setiap lima tahun menggunakan daftar partai perwakilan proporsional sistem, dimana setengah dari anggotanya dipilih secara proporsional dari 9 daftar provinsi sisa separuh dari daftar nasional untuk memulihkan proporsionalitas. Majelis Nasional dipimpin oleh seorang ketua, dibantu oleh wakil ketua. Dewan Nasional Provinsi adalah dewan pemerintahan yang berada ditingkat provinsi. Sitem Pertanggung Jawaban Menteri. Afrika Selatan menggunakan Kabinet Presidensial. Dimana Kabinet Presidensial adalah suatu kabinet yang pertanggungjawaban atas kebijaksanaan pemerintah dipegang oleh Presiden. Presiden merangkap jabatan sebagai kepala pemerintah, sehingga para menteri tidak bertanggungjawab kepada parlemen/DPR, melainkan kepada Presiden. Seperti yang banyak kamu tahu, bahwa Afrika merupakan negara yang terletak di ujung selatan Benua Afrika. Ada banyak hal yang membuat negara ini terkenal di seluruh dunia selain karena lokasinya yang mudah dibayangkan. Bagi para penggemar sepak bola, Afsel bukan negara yang asing karena di negara inilah, turnamen Piala Dunia 2. Di luar ranah sepak bola, Afsel juga dikenal sebagai salah satu negara penghasil berlian terbanyak di dunia. Dan di Afsel pulalah, terdapat daratan bernama Tanjung Harapan Baik yang sempat disinggahi oleh pelaut termahsyur Portugis, Bartolomeu Dias. Bukan hanya Indonesia atua bahkan negara lain saja yang memiliki Budaya ataupun tradisi, ternyata negara kulit hitam ini memiliki beberapa budaya dan bahkan memiliki tradisi yang sedikit mencengkam nih guys. Penasaran? Untuk itu kita lanjut baca guys. Budaya Afrika Selatan. Pada umumnya pada masyarakat kulit hitam, kepercayaan mereka masih berlandaskan kepada dewa- dewa yang perkasa serta maskulin, semangat nenek moyang, dan kuasa- kuasa gaib. Mereka juga membenarkan poligami serta mas kawin (lobolo) sering akan dibayar. Bagi masyarakat Afrika, kerbau punya peran lebih. Kerbau diidentikkan sebagai simbol kekayaan dan hewan korban. Untuk kesenian, Afrika Selatan menyimpan beberapa lukisan gua dan batu oleh Suku San. Ada diantara lukisan tersebut berusia 2. Di Afrika Selatan terdapat sebuah tarian yang dilakukan dengan mengenakan sepatu bot Wellington. Bahkan terdapat Tarian yang disebut sebagai Tarian Gumboot. Selain itu ada juga tarian tradisional yang disebut dengan Tarian Vokspele. Dan berikut beberapa budaya yang terdapat di Afsel. Festival. Ada berbagai macam festival yang ada di Afrika Selatan yakni : Prickly Pear Festival, Uitenhage Eastern Cape. Hal ini diadakan pada akhir Februari atau awal Maret di Cuyler Hofstede pertanian museum dekat Uitenhage. Ini adalah hari makanan tradisional seperti bir jahe, pancake, potjiekos, buatan selai, panggangan braai dan ikan braai, kelinci- chow dan rumah- dibuat puding. Selain itu banyak festival yang diadakan di Negara ini yaitu Keju Festival, Cape Town Jazz Festival Klein Karoo Festival, Philippolis Witblits Festival dan masih banyak yang lainnya. Tari- tarian. Tarian Gumboot (atau isicathulo) adalah Afrika tarian yang dilakukan oleh penari mengenakan sepatu bot Wellington Di Afrika Selatan ini lebih umum disebut bersepatu. Sepatu mungkin dihiasi dengan lonceng. Suara ini akan menjadi kode atau panggilan yang berbeda untuk mengatakan sesuatu kepada orang lain jarak yang cukup dekat. Ini pada dasarnya digunakan sebagai bahasa di lapangan pertambangan. Selain itu terdapat tarian Vokspele yang merupakan tari tradisional Afrika Selatan juga. Pakaian Adat. Pakaian adat Afrika Selatan yang dikenakan, seperti gaun panjanag misalnya wear. For, Di Afrika Selatan dikenal dengan kemeja Madiba. Kain ini kemudian dipotong menjadi bentuk garmen. Di Eastern Cape, Afrika Selatan kita menemukan orang- orang Xhosa, pakaian gaya populer seorang wanita di wilayah ini adalah modern“Mbaco Pakaian” Mbaco adalah seratus persen katun kain yang datang dalam tiga warna primer dan tradisional untuk daerah: krim, merah dan oranye. Gimana? Budaya yang terdapat disana tak jauh beda bukan dengan Indonesia? Mereka memiliki festival, pakaian adat bahkan ada tarian khas dari negara tersebut. Nah, kamu juga harus tahu mengenai tradisi yang begitu terkenal di Afrika. Duh saya agak sedikit seram nih guys, namun inilah tradisi dari Afrika. Tradisi Lepas Perawan. Ternyata tradisi melepas perawan ini banyak dilakukan remaja Afrika Selatan sesudah mereka lulus sekolah. Cukup mengejutkan untuk kita mendengarnya. Karena, pada umumnya keperawanan biasanya diberikan kepada pasangan yang masing- masing dalam ikatan yang “SAH“. Namun, hal ini tidak berlaku lho pada remaja yang berada di Afrika Selatan. Entah hal ini karena kemajuan negara atau memang kebablasan, pastinya kita semua tidak dapat mengetahuinya. Afrika, benua dengan wilayah daratan yang cukup luas. See Also See: The Spider-Man Comic Books Category for a complete list., See: Spider-Man for all. The Alternate versions listed below are those of Peter Parker. Additional information on a number of other men to act as Spider-Man over the years is listed in the. "Dark Reign" is a 2008–2009 comic book branding used by Marvel Comics. It deals with the aftermath of the "Secret Invasion" storyline, which led to a shift of power. Spider-Man: Homecoming looks great, but we need these 15 things to happen to make it an undisputed classic. Marvel.com is the source for Marvel comics, digital comics, comic strips, and more featuring Iron Man, Spider-Man, Hulk, X-Men and all your favorite superheroes. Siege (comics) - Wikipedia"Siege" is an American comic book published by Marvel Comics from January 2. May 2. 01. 0. It deals with the culmination of the "Dark Reign" story line, which saw Norman Osborn become the United States primary defense officer, leading H. A. M. M. E. R. as well as employing his own evil Avengers. The story depicts Loki manipulating Osborn into leading an all- out assault on Asgard, at the time located within the United States. Captain America and his own Avengers lead a rebellion against Osborn, which escalates into an all- out assault. "Siege" is an American comic book published by Marvel Comics from January 2010 to May 2010. It deals with the culmination of the "Dark Reign" story line, which saw.The events in Siege led to Marvel Comics introducing the subsequent storyline "Heroic Age". Publication history[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it.(March 2. Siege"' consists of an eponymous four- issue mini- series, and a number of related tie- in books, including one- shots, miniseries, and existing ongoing series. Marvel announced in early 2. Siege" storyline would be followed by the "Heroic Age"[1] story- line. This was first hinted at in the story by Athena to Amadeus Cho.[2]Publication aftermath[edit]The end of aftermath was described as what would be the start of a new "Heroic Age" in the Marvel Universe.[1]The final tie- in issues of the four Avengers titles, Mighty Avengers #3. New Avengers #6. 4, Dark Avengers #1. Avengers: The Initiative #3. New Avengers: Finale one- shot, with illustrations by Bryan Hitch.[3]From June 2. Marvel published Avengers Prime: Siege Aftermath. This five- part series focused on Thor, Iron Man, and Captain America and bridged the gap between "Siege" and "Heroic Age". Though not badged as an aftermath series, a limited series starting in May 2. Norman Osborn and examine the effects upon his son Harry Osborn. The series was titled Amazing Spider- Man Presents: American Son.[4]Norman Osborn calls a meeting of the super- villain. Cabal, consisting of Doctor Doom, the Hood, the Taskmaster and the Asgardian. God. Loki, to discuss Asgard the home of the Norse Gods now floating above Broxton, Oklahoma, and the last holdout in Osborn's consolidation of power. A rift develops between Doom and Osborn, creating mayhem that appears to dissolve the group. Later, under his guise of respectability, Osborn attempts in vain to secure permission from the President of the United States to invade Asgard claiming it poses a national security threat. On Loki's advice, Osborn engineers a tragedy in which the hapless Asgardian Volstagg, manipulated into battling the super- villain team the U- Foes, inadvertently causes an explosion that kills everyone in a crowded Soldier Field football stadium in Chicago, Illinois. This gives Osborn the justification to lay siege on Asgard with military troops as well as with the Dark Avengers—his team of super- villains posing as superheroes and with loyalists planted amid the various 5. State Initiative teams of heroes. Osborn's aide- de- camp, Victoria Hand suggests unsuccessfully that Osborn seek therapy for his instability. Shortly afterward, the President realizes that Osborn is unstable and orders Hand to produce him. In the meantime, in order to better control the highly powerful but psychologically fragile superhero the Sentry, who has allowed himself to be under Osborn's care, Osborn has the villainous Bullseye kill the Sentry's wife, Lindy Reynolds. He then claims that she committed suicide. Concurrently, Loki prepares Asgard for invasion through selective assassination and by neutralizing Heimdall, the city's guardian. The siege begins with the Sentry attacking Asgard, followed by a massive aerial assault led by Osborn in his Iron Patriot armor. The Asgardian Thunder- God Thor, who has been banished from Asgard for some time, is stunned and falls in battle. With the attack on Asgard instantly becoming a major news story, Steve Rogers, the erstwhile Captain America, assembles a group of legitimate Avengers in Brooklyn, New York City, to battle the Dark Avengers, help defend Asgard, and aid their comrade Thor. At the same time, the Avengers resistance led by Tigra, Justice, and Gauntlet launch their own attack on Camp H. A. M. M. E. R., aimed at eliminating Osborn's Initiative. Osborn's people offer Todd Keller, a conservative talk show host, exclusive official coverage of the siege, in order to mold public opinion. Meanwhile, longtime investigative journalist Ben Urich, editor of the New York City newspaper The Front Line, heads to the Oklahoma battle site with cameraman Will Stern. Volstagg, whom they meet in a chance encounter along the way, accompanies them and gives the reporters his own perspective. As the battle in Asgard intensifies, the Olympian warrior Ares, whom Osborn had deceptively recruited to his Dark Avengers, realizes the truth about Osborn and vows to kill him. Osborn has the Sentry kill Ares instead. Osborn declares martial law just as Rogers and a contingent of Avengers arrives.[5][6] Volstagg, with the aid of a local sheriff who is suspicions of Osborn, speaks to the public from a webcam video. This leads to the beginning of public disenchantment with the increasingly volatile Osborn. The siege continues with the super- villain Scourge using the enchanted spear of Asgard's ruler, Odin, to sever the left limbs of the superhero U. S. Agent.[7] The conflicted hero Night Thrasher who had been compelled to make a Faustian bargain with Osborn, turns on him by battling his Cabal minion the Hood.[8] In Washington, the President orders the Secretary of State to dispatch military forces to Oklahoma to have Osborn and the Dark Avengers arrested for treason. At that moment in Asgard, Osborn is struck down by Captain America's shield,[9][1. Sentry to destroy the infrastructure of Asgard. Sentry, having survived a flurry of brutal blows from Thor, unscathed and on the verge of tearing Thor apart, transforms into the evil Void (which greatly multiplies his power to evolved heights) and leaves Thor. He then annihilates Asgard bringing it crashing down to Earth.[9][1. Rogers finds Osborn in the wreckage and places him under arrest. Before anyone can react further, Osborn's armor, now under the control of its original inventor, Tony Stark explodes off his body on live television, revealing his face painted in the image of the Green Goblin. He begins raving that now that he is powerless, he no longer has the leverage to control the Sentry, who is now fully possessed by his nihilistic other self, the Void. Osborn is convinced that the Void is, in fact, the Angel of Death.[9]As the Void battles the Avengers, Loki repents and begs Odin to let him use the mystical Norn Stones to power- boost the heroes and give them the strength to win the day. The Void, realizing that the heroes' enhanced power is being granted to them by Loki, kills him. Spurred on by Loki's sacrifice, Thor, and the others battle the Void to the point that it reverts to the Sentry's human form. The Sentry begs the heroes to kill him, and Thor regretfully complies, striking the Sentry down with a lightning blast that leaves only a charred skeleton.[1. As Thor takes the Sentry's body to the sun, the New Avengers round up the Dark Avengers. Victoria Hand, the renegade members of the Initiative, the remaining members of the Cabal, and others, are placed under arrest. Rogers gives his former partner, Bucky Barnes, his Captain America shield, passing him the mantle.[1. As the Avengers and their allies celebrate their victory at Stark Tower, the Superhuman Registration Act is abolished and Thor and his fellow Asgardian warriors offer an alliance with Earth, creating a portal to Asgard atop Stark Tower. The President asks Rogers to take over Osborn's position.[1. A large group of heroes later attend the Sentry's memorial service.[1. Rogers says that he will continue the 5. State Initiative and reform the original Avengers group with Bucky (as Captain America), Stark and Thor as its main members.[1. He also assigns Victoria Hand to work with the New Avengers.[1. U. S. Agent is made warden of the maximum security super- villain prison The Raft.[1. What if?[edit]In the special "What if.." series, the story "What if Osborn won the Siege of Asgard" is told. Ares gives in to his intuition before the Siege of Asgard, attacking Osborn in his own office after realizing Osborn lied to him. Sentry murders Ares on the spot allowing him to rest up between battles and to head into battle fully powered. In turn, this leads to him being able to kill Thor as well as Captain America. Most of the heroes present are subsequently slaughtered by the Dark Avengers. Doom has himself and Emma Frost teleported out of the battle and comes up with a new strategy. The new strategy has Emma scan the Dark Avengers and find out the truth about Lindy's death. Bullseye is found out, and Emma shows Sentry the truth of what happens, with catastrophic results. Sentry's fragile psyche is shattered entirely and he goes on a murderous rampage, killing both Frost and Bullseye, before transforming into a fully powered Void, who then kills Doom, Taskmaster, and the Hood. He then confronts Osborn and thanks him for releasing him, only to kill him too. In the end, with the Avengers, Dark Avengers, and the Gods all defeated, none is left to fight the Void and he eventually consumes Earth entirely, before spreading out to the rest of the universe. Collected editions[edit]Comics in the story line have been collected into individual trade paperback volumes: Siege Prelude (collects Dark Avengers #1, Dark Reign: The Cabal, Thor #6. Dark Reign: The List - Avengers, New Avengers Annual #3, Dark Reign: The Goblin Legacy, and Marvel Spotlight #3. Marvel Comics, softcover, January 2. ISBN 0- 7. 85. 1- 4. Siege (1. 48 pages, Panini, May 2. ISBN 1- 8. 46. 53- 4. Siege (collects Siege #1- 4, Siege: The Cabal, and Siege Digital Prologue, 1. August 2. 01. 0, ISBN 0- 7. Siege (collects Siege: The Cabal, Siege #1- 4, and Avengers: The Way Things are, Marvel Comics, softcover, 2. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 7. HTOFEその他のファイルファイル拡張子ファイルのフルネーム.!ファイル拡張子Screensaver.! Cファイル拡張子Graphics Converter Pro.! QBファイル拡張子QBittorrent Incomplete Download.! UTファイル拡張子UTorrent Incomplete Download.###ファイル拡張子Temporary.#$#ファイル拡張子ULead Photoimpact Temporary.#2. Loco. Script Printer Data.#IBファイル拡張子Loco. Script Printer Data.#SCファイル拡張子Loco. Script Printer Data.#STファイル拡張子Loco.
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Winfunktion Mathematik V8. Julia Fractal. 2. Winfunktion Mathematik V8. Julia Fractal. 2. Winfunktion Mathematik V8. 350 East Plumeria Drive San Jose, CA 95134 USA March 2014 202-11229-03 N300 Wireless Router WNR2000v4 User Manual. How to Downgrade Firmware on Samsung Galaxy Devices. We are always eager to upgrade our phone to the latest version so that we might enjoy the new features and apps that come with a new update. Ask a Galaxy S2 user how keen he is get the Jelly Bean firmware update. While most of times we are happy with the new things introduced in an update, it also happens sometimes all our hopes are undone when we have to face a bug or lack of a favorite feature that we used to enjoy on an older firmware. It happened to me a couple of weeks ago when I updated my Galaxy Note 2 to the Android 4. Jelly Bean firmware. 2 N750 Wireless Dual Band Gigabit Router WNDR4300. Support. Thank you for purchasing this NETGEAR product. You can visit. www.netgear.com/support. to register your. 300M MIMO Wireless-N Router (iB-WRB300N) 3 Chapter 2 Installation 1. Connect one end of the included power adapter to the router and then plug the other end into a. This section explains how to configure a wireless router with a wireless network. It includes some frequently asked questions. If you want to roll back to your previous firmware, here is a guide on how to downgrade firmware on samsung galaxy devices. How to do a firmware update on ASUS wireless router? (ASUSWRT) 1. Download the latest firmware for your router from ASUS website. (Take RT-N66W as an example.). For some days I remained busy with exploring the new features and enjoying them. It was later that realized that there was something wrong with the Wi. Fi connectivity. Everything else was just fine but this issue was great enough to make me think again. What should I do now?”- I kept thinking. Then I decided to try another firmware in a hope that it might solve the problem. But again the same Wi. Fi bug! With Android 4. Note 2, I was happier, so I downloaded the Android 4. How many of you ever wished to downgrade the firmware of your Android phone? Only a few. The present article is for those people who are looking a way to go back to Gingerbread from Ice Cream Sandwich to Ice Cream Sandwich from Jelly Bean, or from Android 4. Android 4. 1. 1. The tips described below will also be helpful to even those who want to downgrade their Samsung Galaxy device to Gingerbread from Ice Cream Sandwich. Wish to Downgrade Your Nexus Device? How to Downgrade Firmware on Google Nexus Devices. Before you Actually Downgrade, Try a Few Workarounds. In most cases, the wish to downgrade the firmware of one’s Android device’s firmware is a rash judgment. I say this because I have heard a lot of people saying, “I upgraded my phone’s software yesterday…Now it is very slow and battery is draining fast…I want to downgrade.” Is it really worthwhile to think of downgrading just a few hours/days after installing a new update you waited for long to get? Think again! Our OEMs release an update after testing it and when its performance is found satisfactory. I wonder why new updates aggravate to our worry rather than pleasing us. The most common issues why we consider downgrading are: Slow and laggy performance. Battery drain. Connectivity issues: Wi. Fi or data connection. The absence of an important feature found in the previous firmware. Here are a few workarounds that you can try to fix the above- mentioned issues. Try data factory reset a couple of times after upgrading your phone’s software. Follow the Step# 1. The Lithium- ion battery used on your device requires a proper synchronization with the new software, it ‘s normal that you face issues like fast battery drain and battery heat up after upgrading. You must have seen the same battery problems for a week when you bought the new device. Usually, the sync requires 3- 4 charge and discharge cycles to complete. I would recommend you to avoid plugging the charger into your device frequently. Charge the device after turning it off, let it charge fully. Then use the device until the battery discharges completely out of use and then turn off the phone and charge it. Repeating this for a week will certainly improve the battery performance. As for Wi. Fi or internet connectivity issues trying a data/factory reset might help fix this. You can also try rebooting your device a couple of times. As for the absence of a feature you liked in the previous firmware, you can find an alternative among the more than 7 million apps found at the Google Play Store. In case, the above troubleshooting measures do not yield any positive results, your decision to downgrade was right. Useful Tips for Galaxy Samsung Devices. How to Reduce Lag and Make Touch. Wiz Faster without Rooting. How to Get Your Preferred Language on Your Galaxy Phone or Tablet. Disclaimer & Warning. Please note that the method described here has been tested (by me, more than once) on Galaxy S4 (Android 4. Galaxy S3 (Android 4. ICS), Note 2 (Android 4. Galaxy S2 (ICS to GB). I have not been able to test for downgrading to GB from JB. All the same, I would like to warn you that the procedure is considered risky. Proceed only if you understand the gravity of such things and make sure you are not drunk while following up the steps. We’ll not be responsible for any data loss or damage done to your device. Downgrade to Gingerbread from ICS or JBThose willing to downgrade their Galaxy device to Gingerbread from Ice Cream Sandwich or Jelly Bean should not follow the method given here unless you have the firmware files with Bootloader or PIT. In case you have a PIT file for your device model, select it while installing the firmware and do not forget to check “Re- Partition” on Odin. We warn you against proceeding with the single file installation method as described below. However, if you are to downgrade to a lower version of Gingerbread from a higher version of GB ( from Android 2. Downgrade Galaxy Ace 2 to Gingerbread. To Downgrade Galaxy Ace 2 GT- I8. Click Here. Downgrade Galaxy S Advance to Gingerbread. If you have a Galaxy S Advance and you wish to roll back your phone to the previous Gingerbread firmware from Android 4. Click Here. Getting Prepared: The firmware downgrade drill for the Samsung Galaxy devices is not much complicated as compared to the phones manufactured by other brands. It requires you to boot the device first into Download/Odin Mode, and then into Android Recovery Mode. I hope many of you would be acquainted with both the methods. Even if you are not, it doesn’t matter. Download the downgrade firmware for your Samsung Galaxy device and extract it on your computer. A good source to download Samsung firmwares is Samsung- Updates. Type your device name in the search box at the sidebar, you would find it hopefully. If you do not get it, let me know (your device and country). To find out the correct firmware you can use CSC codes. Download and install Samsung USB Drivers on your computer. Skip this step if you already have it. Download Odin Firmware flasher and unzip it (if you get any error with Odin. Odin. 3_All Versions [Mirror Link]Since the downgrading procedure will delete all data stored on the internal SD Card of your Galaxy device it will be better to backup your messages, contacts and installed apps. These nice free appswill help you backup your data easily. Charge your device’s battery to the full. Make sure that you have turned on USB Debugging from Settings> Developer Options>. Before You Downgrade Firmware: Please note that in some cases, downgrading firmware might lead to IMEI loss. This occurs due to the difference in EFS location in newer and older Samsung firmwares. Several people who tried downgrading to Android 4. Android 4. 3 have reported this issue. We, therefore, strongly recommend you to be prepared for good. To backup your EFS partition/IMEI, please refer to the following tutorial: How to Backup and Restore IMEI on Samsung Galaxy Devices. Installing the Downgrade Firmware: Installing a firmware version that is lower than the current one is just the same as installing a higher one, but you have to do one more thing that you do not usually do. Finally, here are the steps on how to downgrade firmware on Samsung Galaxy devices. I assume that you have already done as described above, so let’s go ahead. Turn off your Samsung Galaxy device whether it a phone or tablet and boot into Download/Odin Mode. If it is a phone, you can enter the Download Mode doing this: Press and hold the Volume Down+Home buttons together and then long press the Power Button till the screen turns up. Now press the Volume Up key to enter the Download Mode. In case you have a Galaxy Tab device, do this: Press and hold the Volume Up+Powerbuttons together, and then press the Volume Up key when prompted. Now go to the Odin folder and run the . This is the time, you have to connect your device to the computer using a compatible USB cable. When the connection between the device and computer is established, the ID: COM port at Odin will turn to Yellow or light Blue (depending on the Odin version you are using) and you’ll see “Added!!“ text in the message box below. Make sure that only “F. Reset Time” option is checked on Odin. The “Auto Reboot” option is checked by default, so please uncheck it. Okay, now click on the PDA button on Odin and select the firmware file in tar. Now click the “Start” button on Odin. This will initiate the firmware installation. Wait till it finishes. Finally, when you get a “PASS!”message on Odin, remove the USB Cable from your device. Now open the back panel of your device and pull out the battery. Wait for about 6. Now reboot your phone into Android Recovery mode. If you have a smartphone, you can do it this way: press and hold the Volume Up+Home buttons together and then hold the Power button till the screen turns up and the Samsung logo blinks for two times. Release the Power button but keep the other two keys pressed till you see a black screen with green Android bot and Blue text. In case you got a Galaxy Tab or Note 1. Volume Down+Powerkeys together for a few seconds till you see the yellow triangle with Android bot followed by a black screen with blue text. In the Recovery mode, you will have to use the Volume Up/Down keys to scroll up or down, and the Power button to select an option. So, scroll down to “wipe data/factory reset” option and select “yes” to confirm your choice. Now go to “wipe cache partition”and confirm the choice. Finally, go to the “reboot system now” option and select it. Your device will boot now and it might take a longer time than it does usually. When it completely boots up, it should be on the downgraded firmware you installed. Cheers! Note: If this tutorial worked for you (and it should work), please leave a comment below and do not forget to mention your phone model and the OS version from and to which you downgraded. It will help others. |
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October 2017
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